Title: Identify symptoms of nutritional deficiencies and toxicities of plants.
Course: Landscaping I (18054-I) > Section: Maintaining the Landscape

Identification should include distinguishing the cause of poor plant health by observing

- the appearance of the plant (i.e., plant color, stunting, wilt, etc.)
- plant symptoms (i.e., chlorosis, flecking, damping-off, etc.)
- signs of the causal agent (i.e., tracks, bite marks, chemical residue, frass, etc.)
  - biotic
    - insects
    - mites
    - fungi
    - bacteria
    - nematodes
    - viruses
    - parasitic plants
    - protozoa
    - animals
  - abiotic
    - nutrient imbalances
    - drought
    - excess soil moisture
    - limited light
    - reduced oxygen availability
    - air pollution
    - soil pH extremes
    - pesticide toxicity
    - compaction
    - cultural practices
    - mechanical damage
    - temperature extremes.

Process/Skill Questions:

- What is damping-off, and what are the possible causes?
- What is stunting, and what are the causes?
- What causes honeydew on plants, and what are possible treatments?