Title: Explain the mechanism and physical effects of opioids on the human body.
Course: Pharmacy Technician II (14152-II) > Section: Understanding Pain Management Protocols

Explanation should include the following:

- Mechanism of action and metabolism of opioids
- Development of tolerance, dependence, and addiction
- Health consequences of drug misuse
  - HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases
  - Cancer
  - Cardiovascular effects
  - Respiratory effects
  - Gastrointestinal effects
  - Musculoskeletal effects
  - Kidney damage
  - Liver damage
  - Neurological effects
  - Hormonal effects
  - Prenatal effects
  - Other health effects
  - Mental health effects
  - Death
- Withdrawal
  - Causes
  - Timeframe (i.e., peaks of withdrawal symptoms)
  - Physical signs (e.g., nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes)

Process/Skill Questions:

- What are the short- and long-term effects of withdrawal dependence symptoms?
- How long can the human body function while exhibiting the symptoms of withdrawal?
- What are other medical conditions that may arise because of the symptoms of physical dependence?