Determination should include
- evaluation of the breeding animal
- probability of a given trait in their offspring
- difference between genotype and phenotype
- difference between recessive and dominant alleles
- difference between homozygous and heterozygous
- use of a Punnett square and the product rule to calculate the probability of two or more independent events occurring and predicting frequencies of fertilization events (e.g., for independent events X and Y, the probability [P] of them both occurring [X and Y] is P[X] multiplied by P[Y]).
- use of the sum rule to calculate the probability that any one of several events will occur (e.g., for mutually exclusive events X and Y, the probability [P] that one will occur [X or Y] is P[X] + P [Y]).
Process/Skill Questions:
- What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
- What is a Punnett square?
- How can a Punnett square be used to predict the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype?
- What are the probabilities for F1 genotypes and phenotypes if a homozygous dominant brown horse is crossed with a heterozygous brown horse (tan is the recessive color)?